A 55-year-old woman is undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. During her treatment, she develops complications that necessitate a change in her chemotherapy regimen. Her oncologist evaluates her condition to determine the most appropriate course of action. The most common complication that requires alteration of planned chemotherapy regimens is which of the following? A. Pulmonary fibrosis B. … Read more
A 65-year-old man presents to the clinic with jaundice, weight loss, and abdominal pain. His physician suspects pancreatic cancer and orders a series of tests to confirm the diagnosis. Which of the following markers is commonly used for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer? A. CA 15-3 B. CA 19-9 C. Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) D. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Answer: … Read more
A 42-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma. She has no clinical evidence of metastatic disease, and her medical team is discussing her prognosis based on various pathological features of the tumor. Which of the following variables best predicts prognosis for patients with a recent diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and no clinical evidence … Read more
A 55-year-old man with a history of chronic hepatitis C presents to the clinic with unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Laboratory tests show elevated liver enzymes, and imaging reveals a liver mass. The medical team is evaluating the patient for hepatoma. Which one of the following statements is true regarding hepatoma? A. Primary … Read more
A 28-year-old woman who is currently breastfeeding presents to the clinic with a painful, swollen area in her right breast. She has a fever and describes the area as being red and tender. On examination, the clinician suspects a breast abscess. Which one of the following statements correlates with the occurrence of a breast abscess? … Read more
A 55-year-old woman presents to the neurology clinic with new-onset headaches, confusion, and weakness in her left arm. An MRI of the brain reveals multiple lesions suggestive of metastasis. The medical team investigates to determine the primary site of the cancer. Secondary metastasis to the brain most commonly occurs when the primary site of neoplasm … Read more
A young man is brought to the emergency department in an unconscious state following a road traffic accident (RTA). Physical examination reveals no external injuries. A CT scan is performed and shows a characteristic biconvex lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage B. Extradural hematoma C. Subdural hematoma D. Cerebral laceration The Correct Answer is: … Read more
A 45-year-old woman comes in for her annual check-up and reports noticing some changes in her breast tissue. She undergoes a mammogram and a biopsy, which reveals various changes in the breast tissue. Her physician is concerned about her risk of developing breast cancer and reviews the pathology report to determine her level of risk. … Read more
A 45-year-old woman presents to the breast clinic with a complaint of unilateral bloody nipple discharge from her right breast. The discharge is spontaneous and originates from a single duct orifice. She has no palpable breast masses, skin changes, or associated pain. Mammography and ultrasound show no evidence of masses or other abnormalities. A duct … Read more
A 52-year-old woman has been diagnosed with breast cancer following a biopsy and imaging studies. She is being evaluated for breast-conserving therapy, which involves lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy. The medical team is considering various pathological findings to determine the best treatment approach for her condition. Which of the following pathologic findings is the strongest … Read more