A 60-year-old patient with a history of esophageal carcinoma is undergoing treatment and is now experiencing significant difficulties with oral intake due to obstruction. The medical team considers various nutritional support options to ensure the patient receives adequate nutrition while managing their condition. What is the most common indication for initiating parenteral nutrition? A. Esophageal … Read more
A 35-year-old female presents with a painless swelling in her left breast that developed following a recent trauma to the area. The swelling is firm and has not been associated with any signs of infection or inflammation. The clinical team is evaluating the most likely cause of the swelling based on the history of trauma … Read more
A 16-year-old adolescent presents with localized bone pain and swelling in the left knee. The clinician suspects a bone tumor and considers various types of bone tumors based on the patient’s age and presentation. The clinical team aims to determine the most common type of bone tumor to guide diagnostic and treatment plans. What is … Read more
A 55-year-old patient presents with a painless, slowly growing mass on the side of the face near the jaw. The patient has no significant history of trauma or infection. An ultrasound of the parotid gland is performed, and the mass is suspected to be a tumor. The clinical team needs to determine the most likely … Read more
A 3-year-old child presents to the emergency department with intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and “currant jelly” stools. The clinical team suspects intussusception and plans to confirm the diagnosis through imaging studies. They are considering the common types of intussusception that occur in this age group. What is the most common type of intussusception? A. Ileo-colic B. … Read more
A 30-year-old patient presents with symptoms of acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. The patient has a known history of ulcerative colitis (UC) and is currently experiencing a flare-up. The gastroenterologist aims to manage the acute exacerbation of the patient’s condition and discusses various treatment options. What is the primary treatment for managing acute … Read more
A 50-year-old patient is diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection after presenting with symptoms of dyspepsia and undergoing diagnostic testing. The gastroenterologist discusses various eradication therapy options to treat the infection effectively. The goal is to select a treatment regimen that has been shown to be effective in eradicating H. pylori. Which of the following is … Read more
A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a history of recent heavy alcohol consumption. He reports vomiting blood and has symptoms of hematemesis. On examination, the patient is found to be hemodynamically stable but has signs of recent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The clinical team considers various potential causes for the bleeding. Mallory-Weiss tears … Read more
A 32-year-old male presents to the clinic with a painless mass in his right testicle, which he noticed a few weeks ago. On examination, the mass is firm, non-tender, and does not transilluminate. An ultrasound of the scrotum confirms the presence of a solid intratesticular mass. The clinical team discusses the most likely diagnosis and … Read more
A 68-year-old male presents to the urology clinic with symptoms of urinary frequency, nocturia, and difficulty starting urination. Digital rectal examination reveals an enlarged prostate, and further investigations confirm the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The patient is counseled about the various treatment options available for BPH. What is the gold standard treatment for … Read more