A 35-year-old patient presents for a routine check-up and expresses concerns about maintaining adequate vitamin K levels. The patient is interested in understanding the different sources of vitamin K to ensure a balanced diet. Question: The most common source of vitamin K is: A. Intestinal bacteriaB. Meat productsC. Dairy productsD. Vegetables The Correct Answer is: … Read more
A 28-year-old patient is being evaluated for electrolyte imbalances. The gastroenterologist explains the mechanisms of sodium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and mentions that sodium absorption is crucial for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Question: Sodium absorption normally occurs in the: A. Ileum and colonB. DuodenumC. Proximal jejunumD. Stomach The Correct Answer is: A. Ileum … Read more
A 52-year-old male patient underwent a haemorrhoidectomy for severe hemorrhoids. On the first postoperative day, he reports difficulty in urinating and increasing lower abdominal discomfort. On examination, his bladder is distended. The most common early complication following haemorrhoidectomy in males is: A. Urinary retentionB. Fecal incontinenceC. Anal strictureD. None The Correct Answer is: A. Urinary … Read more
A 45-year-old male patient presents with intermittent rectal bleeding and discomfort during bowel movements for the past several months. On physical examination, he is found to have grade-2 hemorrhoids, which prolapse during defecation but spontaneously reduce. The treatment of choice for grade-2 hemorrhoids is: A. Band ligationB. Open haemorrhoidectomyC. Electro-coagulationD. Stool softener The Correct Answer … Read more
A 26-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with a painful perianal swelling that has been present for the last three days. On examination under anesthesia, she is found to have a low fistula in ano. The treatment of choice for this patient is: A. Incision and drainageB. Incision, drainage, and fistulotomyC. Incision, drainage, and … Read more
A 45-year-old man with a 15-year history of Crohn’s disease presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He reports that the pain started suddenly and has been worsening over the past 24 hours. On examination, he has significant abdominal distension and tenderness, particularly in the mid-abdomen. Bowel sounds are high-pitched … Read more
A 35-year-old patient with a long history of inflammatory bowel disease is being evaluated for surgical treatment. The surgical team discusses the potential for restorative proctocolectomy with ileo-anal pouch, considering the underlying diagnosis and suitability for the procedure. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for restorative proctocolectomy with ileo-anal pouch? A. Ulcerative colitisB. … Read more
A 65-year-old patient presents with a chronic, non-healing ulcer on the lower leg. The ulcer is located around the malleoli, and the clinical examination suggests that the patient may be suffering from a gravitational ulcer, often associated with venous insufficiency. The healthcare provider needs to identify the specific area known as “Gaiter’s zone” where these … Read more
A 50-year-old patient with varicose veins presents with junctional reflux, where the veins near the junction of the superficial and deep venous systems are affected. The patient is considering sclerotherapy as a treatment option. The clinical team needs to select the most appropriate type of sclerotherapy for this condition. Which type of sclerotherapy is used … Read more
A 40-year-old woman is diagnosed with varicose veins resulting from post-thrombotic damage to her venous valves. She is hesitant to undergo surgical treatment and prefers conservative management. The healthcare team discusses various conservative treatment options to manage her condition effectively and reduce symptoms. Which of the following conservative treatments is commonly used to manage post-thrombotic … Read more