1-year-old male infant is brought to the pediatric surgeon with a swelling in the scrotum that the parents have noticed since birth. The swelling is soft, non-tender, and transilluminates on examination. The swelling has not reduced over time, and the parents are concerned. The clinical team diagnoses the infant with an infantile hydrocele and considers … Read more
A 45-year-old male patient presents with persistent perianal pain and discharge. The attending physician suspects a complex fistula in ano and decides to perform an imaging study to accurately delineate the fistula tract and plan the appropriate surgical intervention. Which of the following is considered the gold standard investigation for imaging a fistula in ano? … Read more
A 35-year-old male presents to the surgical clinic with a history of persistent pain and discharge near the anal region. He reports that the symptoms began after an episode of a painful swelling near his anus, which eventually burst spontaneously, releasing pus. On examination, there is an external opening near the anal verge with purulent … Read more
A 45-year-old woman presents to the gastroenterology clinic with symptoms of difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of undigested food, and chest pain. The gastroenterologist suspects a motility disorder of the esophagus and plans to confirm the diagnosis with an appropriate investigation. Manometry is the investigation of choice for: A. CLD (Chronic Liver Disease) B. Achalasia esophagus C. Barrett esophagus D. … Read more
A 35-year-old man presents to the urology clinic with symptoms of decreased urine flow, difficulty starting urination, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. The urologist suspects a urethral stricture and plans to confirm the diagnosis. What is the investigation of choice for diagnosing a urethral stricture? A. Urine culture B. Intravenous pyelography C. X-ray KUB D. Ultrasound E. … Read more
A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain radiating to his back, nausea, and vomiting. His clinical presentation raises suspicion for acute pancreatitis. The medical team needs to confirm the diagnosis with the most reliable investigation. Which of the following is the most reliable investigation in a suspected case of acute … Read more
A 30-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, fever, and signs of peritonitis. He has a history of recent typhoid fever. The surgical team suspects a gastrointestinal perforation. Typhoid perforations most commonly occur in: A. Appendix B. Rectum C. Jejunum D. Caecum E. Ileum Answer: The Correct Answer is: E. Ileum Explanation: Ileum (E): – … Read more
A 65-year-old man presents to his urologist for a routine check-up. His blood test results show elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The urologist explains the potential causes of the elevated PSA levels. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is most specifically associated with: A. Testicular carcinoma B. Prostatic carcinoma C. Gastric carcinoma D. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) E. Prostatitis Answer: The … Read more
A 50-year-old man with severe malabsorption following extensive bowel surgery is started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The healthcare team discusses the specifics and indications of TPN with him and his family. Which of the following statements is true regarding total parenteral nutrition? A. Is defined as IV provision of all nutritional requirements without use … Read more
A 60-year-old patient has been started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after a massive gut resection. The healthcare team monitors the patient closely for early complications associated with TPN. What is the common early complication of TPN? A. Fluid overload B. Tube blockage C. Infection D. Hypoglycemia E. Diarrhea Answer: The Correct Answer is: A. Fluid overload Explanation: Fluid … Read more