A 45-year-old patient with a history of ulcerative colitis presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, fever, tachycardia, and significant abdominal distension. The attending physician is concerned about a potentially life-threatening complication and considers the indications for emergency surgery. Which of the following is an indication for emergency surgery in a patient with … Read more

A 70-year-old female patient underwent anterior resection with primary anastomosis five days ago. Postoperatively, she is suspected to have an anastomotic leak due to signs of sepsis, abdominal pain, and fever. The attending surgeon decides to perform a diagnostic investigation to confirm the presence of an anastomotic leak. Which of the following is the most … Read more

A 55-year-old patient presents with symptoms of rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, and unexplained weight loss. The attending physician suspects colorectal cancer and decides to perform a colonoscopy to identify the location and extent of the tumor. Which of the following is the most common site of colorectal cancer? A. Right colonB. Transverse colonC. … Read more

A 70-year-old patient presents with sudden onset abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. The attending physician suspects ischemic colitis and decides to perform imaging studies and possibly a colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis and identify the affected area. Which of the following is the most common site of ischemic colitis? A. Splenic flexureB. Transverse colonC.Hepatic flexureD. … Read more

A 45-year-old male presents to the clinic with a family history of colorectal cancer. He reports no significant symptoms but expresses concerns about his risk of developing the disease due to his family’s medical history. Upon further investigation, it is revealed that his father was diagnosed with colorectal cancer at the age of 50, and … Read more

A 50-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of persistent fatigue, muscle weakness, and frequent headaches. She also mentions that she has been experiencing excessive thirst and frequent urination. On physical examination, her blood pressure is significantly elevated at 160/100 mmHg. Laboratory tests reveal hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Further hormonal evaluation shows elevated aldosterone … Read more

A 45-year-old patient undergoes a routine colonoscopy, during which a small, 0.8 cm lesion is found in the rectum. A biopsy reveals that the lesion is a carcinoid tumor. The patient has no symptoms and no evidence of metastasis. The gastroenterologist discusses the treatment options with the patient. The treatment of choice for a patient … Read more

A 25-year-old male patient presents with clinical features suggestive of acute appendicitis. At laparotomy, a 2.5 cm growth is found at the base of the appendix. What is the most appropriate treatment plan? A. AppendectomyB. Right hemicolectomyC. Appendectomy followed by right hemicolectomy at a later stage if the margins are positiveD. Limited ileo-caecal resection The … Read more

A 35-year-old female patient is diagnosed with a pituitary prolactinoma. She presents with symptoms of amenorrhea and galactorrhea, and imaging confirms a pituitary tumor secreting excess prolactin.  What is the treatment of choice for pituitary prolactinomas? A. Surgery  B. Radiotherapy  C. Surgery followed by radiotherapy  D. Dopamine agonists   The Correct Answer: D. Dopamine agonists Explanation: – Dopamine Agonists … Read more