A 60-year-old patient presents with a recurrent multinodular goiter (MNG) after having had a previous surgical resection for thyroid enlargement. On examination, the patient has a multinodular thyroid, with some increased size in the previously resected gland, and symptoms of compression, including difficulty swallowing and a feeling of tightness in the throat. Which of the … Read more
A 55-year-old patient presents with a painless swelling in the preauricular region. Upon imaging and further evaluation, the lesion is identified to be a tumor of the parotid gland. The surgeon is preparing to excise the tumor and is considering the anatomical features of the gland. Which of the following statements about the parotid gland … Read more
A 45-year-old patient presents with a contracted scar on the neck following a previous surgical procedure. The scar is causing functional limitations and aesthetic concerns. The surgeon plans to perform a surgical technique to lengthen and reorient the scar in order to reduce tension and improve the cosmetic outcome. Which of the following techniques is … Read more
A 60-year-old male patient who underwent general anesthesia for abdominal surgery is extubated and found to be unable to breathe spontaneously. His oxygen saturation drops, and he exhibits signs of respiratory distress. Which of the following is the most common cause of failure to breathe after general anesthesia? A. Airway obstructionB. Sedation from opioids and … Read more
A 32-year-old female presents with a 6-week history of bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, andurgent bowel movements. On examination, she is found to be pale and has mild tenderness in the lower abdomen. Laboratory investigations reveal an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and stool cultures are negative for infections. The clinical presentation strongly suggests inflammatory bowel disease … Read more
A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department after a severe car accident. He is hypotensive, with a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg, tachycardic (heart rate 120 bpm), and has signs of hypovolemic shock, including cold extremities and delayed capillary refill. He is diagnosed with trauma-induced hypovolemic shock. What is the initial fluid of … Read more
A 60-year-old male patient with a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus presents with severe pain, swelling, and discoloration of his foot. On examination, there is ulceration, necrosis, and afoul-smelling discharge from the wound. The patient has poor circulation and absent pedal pulses. His blood glucose is poorly controlled. The clinical presentation most likely suggests the … Read more
A 45-year-old female presents with a palpable thyroid nodule. Family history reveals multiple relatives diagnosed with thyroid and adrenal tumors. Lab findings show elevated serum calcitonin, and genetic testing confirms a RET proto-oncogene mutation. Histopathology of the thyroid nodule reveals amyloid deposits. What is the most appropriate description of the characteristics of this condition? A. … Read more
A 35-year-old male sustains a fracture of his forearm and undergoes immobilization with a plaster of Paris (POP) cast. A few hours later, he complains of severe pain in the affected limb, which worsens with passive movement of his fingers. The cast feels excessively tight, and there is swelling in the limb. What is the … Read more
A 65-year-old male patient has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central venous catheter for the past two weeks. He presents with fever, chills, and a new-onset erythematous swelling at the catheter insertion site. Blood cultures reveal growth of Gram-positive cocci, and the catheter tip is colonized with the same organism. What is … Read more