A 32-year-old female presents with a 6-week history of bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, andurgent bowel movements. On examination, she is found to be pale and has mild tenderness in the lower abdomen. Laboratory investigations reveal an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and stool cultures are negative for infections. The clinical presentation strongly suggests inflammatory bowel disease … Read more

A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department after a severe car accident. He is hypotensive, with a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg, tachycardic (heart rate 120 bpm), and has signs of hypovolemic shock, including cold extremities and delayed capillary refill. He is diagnosed with trauma-induced hypovolemic shock. What is the initial fluid of … Read more

A 60-year-old male patient with a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus presents with severe pain, swelling, and discoloration of his foot. On examination, there is ulceration, necrosis, and afoul-smelling discharge from the wound. The patient has poor circulation and absent pedal pulses. His blood glucose is poorly controlled. The clinical presentation most likely suggests the … Read more

A 45-year-old female presents with a palpable thyroid nodule. Family history reveals multiple relatives diagnosed with thyroid and adrenal tumors. Lab findings show elevated serum calcitonin, and genetic testing confirms a RET proto-oncogene mutation. Histopathology of the thyroid nodule reveals amyloid deposits. What is the most appropriate description of the characteristics of this condition? A. … Read more

A 35-year-old male sustains a fracture of his forearm and undergoes immobilization with a plaster of Paris (POP) cast. A few hours later, he complains of severe pain in the affected limb, which worsens with passive movement of his fingers. The cast feels excessively tight, and there is swelling in the limb. What is the … Read more

A 65-year-old male patient has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central venous catheter for the past two weeks. He presents with fever, chills, and a new-onset erythematous swelling at the catheter insertion site. Blood cultures reveal growth of Gram-positive cocci, and the catheter tip is colonized with the same organism. What is … Read more

A 40-year-old female presents with swelling, pain, and redness in her left lower limb for two days. The clinical suspicion is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). You are tasked with choosing the best non-invasive diagnostic test to assess the patency of the deep veins and confirm the diagnosis of DVT. Which of the following is the … Read more

A 55-year-old male patient presents to the outpatient clinic with complaints of pain in his calves after walking for a short distance, which subsides after resting. He reports no history of trauma or significant leg swelling. On examination, the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses are weak bilaterally, and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is 0.7. … Read more

A 45-year-old male presents with a thyroid mass and associated symptoms of chronic diarrhea and flushing. His family history reveals multiple relatives with thyroid and adrenal gland disorders. Laboratory investigations show elevated calcitonin levels, and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirms the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following statements about medullary thyroid carcinoma … Read more

A 25-year-old male presents to the emergency department with severe leg pain after a motorbike accident. He reports increasing pain despite analgesics, and the pain intensifies during passive movement of his toes. On examination, the leg appears swollen, tense, and tender. Peripheral pulses are palpable, and the skin is warm. Which of the following is … Read more