A 48-year-old woman with a 10-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents to the clinic with increasing fatigue and pallor. Her joint symptoms are being managed with methotrexate, but she reports difficulty performing daily activities due to weakness. On examination, her vital signs are stable, but conjunctival pallor is evident. Laboratory investigations reveal a hemoglobin … Read more
Osteoporosis is a skeletal condition characterized by:
Loss of bone mineral density (BMD).
Decreased bone strength.
Increased susceptibility to fractures.
Introduction Hyperparathyroidism (HPT): Primary Hyperparathyroidism (pHPT): Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (sHPT): Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (tHPT): Diagnostics and Classification: Treatment: Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Epidemiology: Etiology: Pathophysiology: PTH effect In the kidneys: PTH leads to increased phosphate excretion, a phenomenon known as phosphaturia. Clinical Features: Cardiovascular System: Urinary Tract: Musculoskeletal System: Digestive Tract: Psychological Symptoms: Diagnostics: Laboratory Studies: Routine … Read more
Osteomalacia Introduction Etiology Clinical features diagnostics and Treatment
Migraine symptoms Introduction Etiology Clinical features diagnosis and Treatment a life enhancement
Achalasia Introduction Etiology Clinical features diagnostics Treatment and Management
In which of the following conditions is splenectomy typically NOT recommended as a primary treatment option: A. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraB. Congenital spherocytosisC. Autoimmune haemolytic anemiaD. Vascular purpuraE. Hypersplenism Answer: D. Vascular purpura Explanation: Splenectomy is recommended in various medical conditions when other treatments have failed or when it is deemed necessary to address the underlying … Read more
A 12-year-old child has been experiencing a persistent dry cough and fever for four weeks. A chest X-ray reveals hilar lymphadenopathy on the right side and consolidation of the right middle lobe. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis in this case? A. Pneumococcal pneumonia B. Benign tumor of the right bronchus … Read more
Five persons have the following fasting blood sugar levels in a blood sugar camp. Which of the following report is to be considered normal: A. 90 mg/diB. 120 mg/dlC. 130 mg/diD. 49 mg/dlE. 52 mg/dl Answer: A The normal range for fasting blood sugar levels can vary slightly depending on the lab and specific guidelines … Read more
A young boy 12 years of age has swelling and pain involving more than one large joints of the body along with fever and a history of sore throat. Which of the following conditions you will consider as the first possibility? A. Rheumatoid arthritisB. Septic arthritisC. OsteoarthritisD. Rheumatic feverE. Tuberculosis arthritis Answer: D. Rheumatic fever … Read more