Theme: Abdominal Stomas MCQ: Select the Most Appropriate Stoma A. End ileostomyB. End colostomyC. Loop ileostomyD. Loop colostomyE. End jejunostomyF. Loop jejunostomyG. Caecostomy Scenario: Answer: C. Loop ileostomy Explanation: Why Loop Ileostomy? NEXT Why Not the Other Options? Summary: In low anterior resection with planned restoration of intestinal continuity, a loop ileostomy is the most … Read more
A 53-year-old man undergoes a reversal of a loop colostomy. He recovers well and is discharged home. Ten days later, he is readmitted with symptoms of vomiting and colicky abdominal pain. On examination, there is a swelling at the loop colostomy site, which is tender. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis? A. HaematomaB. Intra-abdominal … Read more
A 24-year-old lady is stabbed in the buttock. Following the injury, the wound is sutured in the emergency department. Eight weeks later, she attends the clinic. As she walks into the clinic room, she has a waddling gait and difficulty with thigh abduction. On examination, she has buttock muscle wasting. Which nerve has been injured? … Read more
A breast abscess is a localized, encapsulated collection of pus within the breast tissue, often following an infection such as mastitis. It occurs primarily in lactating women (puerperal abscess) but can also develop in non-lactating women due to other risk factors. Etiology Clinical Features Diagnosis Treatment Complications Prevention Conclusion Breast abscesses, although common in lactating … Read more
Introduction Inspection Palpation Movement Special Tests Completing the Examination
Vitello-intestinal Duct (VIT) Definition Embryology Congenital Anomalies Associated with Persistent VIT Anomaly Description Clinical Features Diagnosis Management Meckel’s Diverticulum A true diverticulum on the anti-mesenteric side of the ileum Usually asymptomatic; may cause bleeding, obstruction, or infection Technetium-99m scan, CT, MRI Surgical removal if symptoms present Vitelline Fistula An open duct connecting the ileum to … Read more
Introduction: An anastomotic leak is a serious complication following gastrointestinal surgery where a surgical connection (anastomosis) between two sections of the bowel leaks luminal contents. Early recognition and management of this complication are crucial due to the potential for severe intra-abdominal contamination, sepsis, multi-organ failure, and even death. Risk Factors The risk factors for an … Read more
Summary 1. Definition: 2. Causes: 3. Clinical Features: 4. Diagnosis: 5. Treatment: Epidemiology
Category Details Definition Dopamine agonists are medications that mimic the effects of dopamine by binding to dopamine receptors in the brain. Clinical Indications Parkinson’s Disease: Mainstay treatment for motor symptoms including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Alleviate uncomfortable sensations and urge to move. Hyperprolactinemia: Inhibit prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland, useful … Read more
Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from chromaffin cells, typically found in the adrenal medulla but may also occur in extra-adrenal locations, known as paragangliomas. These tumors produce and release excessive amounts of catecholamines, including adrenaline and noradrenaline, leading to episodic or sustained hypertension and a variety of systemic symptoms. Etiology: Clinical Presentation (The … Read more