A 28-year-old white male presents with asymptomatic testicular enlargement. After a thorough physical examination and imaging, the physician suspects a testicular tumor. Which of the following statements is/are true concerning his diagnosis and management? A. Tumor markers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) will both be of value in the patient regardless of his … Read more

A 28-year-old man presents to his urologist with a painless lump in his right testis. After a physical examination and ultrasound, the urologist suspects carcinoma of the testis and recommends further evaluation and treatment. What is the appropriate surgical treatment for suspected carcinoma of the testis? A. Trans-Scrotal percutaneous biopsy  B. Trans-scrotal open biopsy  C. Repeated examinations  D. … Read more

A 70-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, and hematuria. He has been treated for urinary tract infections (UTIs) multiple times in the past year, but his symptoms persist. A cystoscopy is performed, revealing a suspicious lesion in the bladder. Which of the following statements is true regarding … Read more

A 60-year-old man presents to his urologist with complaints of blood in his urine. He has no significant pain but reports unexplained weight loss and fatigue over the past few months. The urologist suspects a renal tumor and orders imaging studies and lab tests. Which of the following statements is true regarding renal adenocarcinomas? A. … Read more

A 55-year-old woman is undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. During her treatment, she develops complications that necessitate a change in her chemotherapy regimen. Her oncologist evaluates her condition to determine the most appropriate course of action. The most common complication that requires alteration of planned chemotherapy regimens is which of the following? A. Pulmonary fibrosis  B. … Read more

A 65-year-old man presents to the clinic with jaundice, weight loss, and abdominal pain. His physician suspects pancreatic cancer and orders a series of tests to confirm the diagnosis. Which of the following markers is commonly used for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer? A. CA 15-3  B. CA 19-9  C. Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)  D. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)   Answer: … Read more

A 42-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma. She has no clinical evidence of metastatic disease, and her medical team is discussing her prognosis based on various pathological features of the tumor. Which of the following variables best predicts prognosis for patients with a recent diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and no clinical evidence … Read more

A 55-year-old man with a history of chronic hepatitis C presents to the clinic with unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Laboratory tests show elevated liver enzymes, and imaging reveals a liver mass. The medical team is evaluating the patient for hepatoma. Which one of the following statements is true regarding hepatoma? A. Primary … Read more

A 28-year-old woman who is currently breastfeeding presents to the clinic with a painful, swollen area in her right breast. She has a fever and describes the area as being red and tender. On examination, the clinician suspects a breast abscess. Which one of the following statements correlates with the occurrence of a breast abscess? … Read more