A 45-year-old male presents with persistent pain and swelling in his left femur. He has a history of open fractures sustained in a motor vehicle accident 6 months ago. Despite multiple courses of oral antibiotics, the swelling and pain have persisted, and he now complains of intermittent fever. An X-ray reveals bone destruction, and MRI … Read more
A 65-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents for an elective total hip replacement surgery. During the preoperative discussion, the anesthesiologist recommends spinal anesthesia for the procedure. The patient inquires why this type of anesthesia is preferred. For which of the following surgical regions is spinal anesthesia most commonly administered? A. Pelvis and lower … Read more
A 48-year-old man presents to the emergency department with generalized weakness and muscle cramps. He reports a recent history of diarrhea for three days. Laboratory investigations reveal a serum potassium level of 2.8 mmol/L. An ECG is performed. Which of the following ECG findings is most indicative of hypokalemia? A. Prolonged QT intervalB. Narrow QT … Read more
A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman presents to the clinic with a complaint of a lump beneath her right nipple. She reports a sticky discharge from the nipple that has ranged in color from yellow to greenish. The lump is not painful, and there is no history of fever or trauma. On examination, the nipple appears slightly … Read more
A 60-year-old patient with a history of esophageal carcinoma is undergoing treatment and is now experiencing significant difficulties with oral intake due to obstruction. The medical team considers various nutritional support options to ensure the patient receives adequate nutrition while managing their condition. What is the most common indication for initiating parenteral nutrition? A. Esophageal … Read more
A 35-year-old female presents with a painless swelling in her left breast that developed following a recent trauma to the area. The swelling is firm and has not been associated with any signs of infection or inflammation. The clinical team is evaluating the most likely cause of the swelling based on the history of trauma … Read more
A 16-year-old adolescent presents with localized bone pain and swelling in the left knee. The clinician suspects a bone tumor and considers various types of bone tumors based on the patient’s age and presentation. The clinical team aims to determine the most common type of bone tumor to guide diagnostic and treatment plans. What is … Read more
A 55-year-old patient presents with a painless, slowly growing mass on the side of the face near the jaw. The patient has no significant history of trauma or infection. An ultrasound of the parotid gland is performed, and the mass is suspected to be a tumor. The clinical team needs to determine the most likely … Read more
A 3-year-old child presents to the emergency department with intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and “currant jelly” stools. The clinical team suspects intussusception and plans to confirm the diagnosis through imaging studies. They are considering the common types of intussusception that occur in this age group. What is the most common type of intussusception? A. Ileo-colic B. … Read more
A 30-year-old patient presents with symptoms of acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. The patient has a known history of ulcerative colitis (UC) and is currently experiencing a flare-up. The gastroenterologist aims to manage the acute exacerbation of the patient’s condition and discusses various treatment options. What is the primary treatment for managing acute … Read more