A 45-year-old woman presents to the breast clinic with a complaint of unilateral bloody nipple discharge from her right breast. The discharge is spontaneous and originates from a single duct orifice. She has no palpable breast masses, skin changes, or associated pain. Mammography and ultrasound show no evidence of masses or other abnormalities. A duct … Read more
A 52-year-old woman has been diagnosed with breast cancer following a biopsy and imaging studies. She is being evaluated for breast-conserving therapy, which involves lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy. The medical team is considering various pathological findings to determine the best treatment approach for her condition. Which of the following pathologic findings is the strongest … Read more
A 45-year-old woman undergoes a mammogram, which reveals a suspicious lesion in her breast. A biopsy is performed, and the pathology report indicates a noninvasive malignancy. The medical team discusses the diagnosis with her and plans the next steps for her treatment. Which of the following breast lesions are considered noninvasive malignancies? A. Intraductal carcinoma … Read more
A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. He has sustained a blunt injury to his abdomen and is experiencing severe pain in the left flank region. Imaging studies suggest a renal injury. The medical team is deciding on the appropriate management steps for his condition. Which of the following … Read more
A 40-year-old farmer presents to his primary care physician with complaints of dull pain and swelling in his left leg. He notes that the swelling decreases when he elevates his limb. On physical examination, the swelling is found to pit on pressure, and there is a positive Stemmer’s sign (inability to pinch the skin on … Read more
A 47-year-old woman presents to a lymphedema clinic with chronic swelling in her left calf, which has progressively worsened over the past five years despite conservative treatments such as compression therapy and manual lymphatic drainage. She experiences significant discomfort and mobility issues due to the swelling. After a thorough evaluation, her vascular surgeon recommends a … Read more
A 60-year-old woman presents to the gynecology clinic with abdominal distension and discomfort. She has a history of mucinous tumors and recent imaging shows extensive mucinous ascites. Further investigation reveals a gelatinous material filling her peritoneal cavity. The clinical team suspects pseudomyxoma peritonei and proceeds with additional diagnostic procedures to identify the primary source of … Read more
A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with chronic abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding. He undergoes a series of diagnostic tests, including imaging and endoscopy, which reveal a mass in the small intestine. A biopsy is performed to determine the nature of the tumor. Which of the following … Read more
A 35-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her pain began acutely and has been steadily progressing over the past 12 hours. On physical examination, she has significant tenderness and guarding in the right lower quadrant. The surgical team is suspecting acute appendicitis and is … Read more
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents due to complaints of abdominal pain and bloody stools. The pain is intermittent and located around the umbilical area. His past medical history is unremarkable. On physical examination, the abdomen is soft with mild tenderness near the umbilicus. An abdominal ultrasound is performed, … Read more