A 3-year-old child presents to the emergency department with intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and “currant jelly” stools. The clinical team suspects intussusception and plans to confirm the diagnosis through imaging studies. They are considering the common types of intussusception that occur in this age group. What is the most common type of intussusception? A. Ileo-colic B. … Read more
A 30-year-old patient presents with symptoms of acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. The patient has a known history of ulcerative colitis (UC) and is currently experiencing a flare-up. The gastroenterologist aims to manage the acute exacerbation of the patient’s condition and discusses various treatment options. What is the primary treatment for managing acute … Read more
A 50-year-old patient is diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection after presenting with symptoms of dyspepsia and undergoing diagnostic testing. The gastroenterologist discusses various eradication therapy options to treat the infection effectively. The goal is to select a treatment regimen that has been shown to be effective in eradicating H. pylori. Which of the following is … Read more
A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a history of recent heavy alcohol consumption. He reports vomiting blood and has symptoms of hematemesis. On examination, the patient is found to be hemodynamically stable but has signs of recent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The clinical team considers various potential causes for the bleeding. Mallory-Weiss tears … Read more
A 32-year-old male presents to the clinic with a painless mass in his right testicle, which he noticed a few weeks ago. On examination, the mass is firm, non-tender, and does not transilluminate. An ultrasound of the scrotum confirms the presence of a solid intratesticular mass. The clinical team discusses the most likely diagnosis and … Read more
A 68-year-old male presents to the urology clinic with symptoms of urinary frequency, nocturia, and difficulty starting urination. Digital rectal examination reveals an enlarged prostate, and further investigations confirm the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The patient is counseled about the various treatment options available for BPH. What is the gold standard treatment for … Read more
1-year-old male infant is brought to the pediatric surgeon with a swelling in the scrotum that the parents have noticed since birth. The swelling is soft, non-tender, and transilluminates on examination. The swelling has not reduced over time, and the parents are concerned. The clinical team diagnoses the infant with an infantile hydrocele and considers … Read more
A 45-year-old male patient presents with persistent perianal pain and discharge. The attending physician suspects a complex fistula in ano and decides to perform an imaging study to accurately delineate the fistula tract and plan the appropriate surgical intervention. Which of the following is considered the gold standard investigation for imaging a fistula in ano? … Read more
A 35-year-old male presents to the surgical clinic with a history of persistent pain and discharge near the anal region. He reports that the symptoms began after an episode of a painful swelling near his anus, which eventually burst spontaneously, releasing pus. On examination, there is an external opening near the anal verge with purulent … Read more
A 45-year-old woman presents to the gastroenterology clinic with symptoms of difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of undigested food, and chest pain. The gastroenterologist suspects a motility disorder of the esophagus and plans to confirm the diagnosis with an appropriate investigation. Manometry is the investigation of choice for: A. CLD (Chronic Liver Disease) B. Achalasia esophagus C. Barrett esophagus D. … Read more