A 43-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a noticeable lump in her right breast. She describes the mass as large, with an uneven, bosselated (lumpy) surface and ulceration of the overlying skin. On physical examination, the mass is mobile on the chest wall, with no signs of fixed attachment or involvement of nearby lymph … Read more
A 34-year-old male is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. Upon initial assessment, he opens his eyes spontaneously, follows commands when asked, and responds appropriately to questions. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is calculated by the medical team. What is his GCS score? A. 15B. 20C. 8D. 5E. 3 Correct … Read more
A 45-year-old male presents with persistent pain and swelling in his left femur. He has a history of open fractures sustained in a motor vehicle accident 6 months ago. Despite multiple courses of oral antibiotics, the swelling and pain have persisted, and he now complains of intermittent fever. An X-ray reveals bone destruction, and MRI … Read more
A 65-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents for an elective total hip replacement surgery. During the preoperative discussion, the anesthesiologist recommends spinal anesthesia for the procedure. The patient inquires why this type of anesthesia is preferred. For which of the following surgical regions is spinal anesthesia most commonly administered? A. Pelvis and lower … Read more
A 48-year-old man presents to the emergency department with generalized weakness and muscle cramps. He reports a recent history of diarrhea for three days. Laboratory investigations reveal a serum potassium level of 2.8 mmol/L. An ECG is performed. Which of the following ECG findings is most indicative of hypokalemia? A. Prolonged QT intervalB. Narrow QT … Read more
A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman presents to the clinic with a complaint of a lump beneath her right nipple. She reports a sticky discharge from the nipple that has ranged in color from yellow to greenish. The lump is not painful, and there is no history of fever or trauma. On examination, the nipple appears slightly … Read more
A 60-year-old patient with a history of esophageal carcinoma is undergoing treatment and is now experiencing significant difficulties with oral intake due to obstruction. The medical team considers various nutritional support options to ensure the patient receives adequate nutrition while managing their condition. What is the most common indication for initiating parenteral nutrition? A. Esophageal … Read more
A 35-year-old female presents with a painless swelling in her left breast that developed following a recent trauma to the area. The swelling is firm and has not been associated with any signs of infection or inflammation. The clinical team is evaluating the most likely cause of the swelling based on the history of trauma … Read more
A 16-year-old adolescent presents with localized bone pain and swelling in the left knee. The clinician suspects a bone tumor and considers various types of bone tumors based on the patient’s age and presentation. The clinical team aims to determine the most common type of bone tumor to guide diagnostic and treatment plans. What is … Read more
A 55-year-old patient presents with a painless, slowly growing mass on the side of the face near the jaw. The patient has no significant history of trauma or infection. An ultrasound of the parotid gland is performed, and the mass is suspected to be a tumor. The clinical team needs to determine the most likely … Read more