A 35-year-old male sustains a fracture of his forearm and undergoes immobilization with a plaster of Paris (POP) cast. A few hours later, he complains of severe pain in the affected limb, which worsens with passive movement of his fingers. The cast feels excessively tight, and there is swelling in the limb. What is the … Read more
A 65-year-old male patient has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central venous catheter for the past two weeks. He presents with fever, chills, and a new-onset erythematous swelling at the catheter insertion site. Blood cultures reveal growth of Gram-positive cocci, and the catheter tip is colonized with the same organism. What is … Read more
A 40-year-old female presents with swelling, pain, and redness in her left lower limb for two days. The clinical suspicion is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). You are tasked with choosing the best non-invasive diagnostic test to assess the patency of the deep veins and confirm the diagnosis of DVT. Which of the following is the … Read more
A 55-year-old male patient presents to the outpatient clinic with complaints of pain in his calves after walking for a short distance, which subsides after resting. He reports no history of trauma or significant leg swelling. On examination, the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses are weak bilaterally, and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is 0.7. … Read more
A 45-year-old male presents with a thyroid mass and associated symptoms of chronic diarrhea and flushing. His family history reveals multiple relatives with thyroid and adrenal gland disorders. Laboratory investigations show elevated calcitonin levels, and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirms the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following statements about medullary thyroid carcinoma … Read more
A 25-year-old male presents to the emergency department with severe leg pain after a motorbike accident. He reports increasing pain despite analgesics, and the pain intensifies during passive movement of his toes. On examination, the leg appears swollen, tense, and tender. Peripheral pulses are palpable, and the skin is warm. Which of the following is … Read more
A 58-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of swelling and pain in his left leg for the past 3 days. He has a history of prolonged immobility due to a recent knee surgery. On examination, there is swelling and tenderness in the left calf, along with prominent superficial veins. Doppler ultrasound … Read more
A 45-year-old female patient is undergoing a lower abdominal surgery. The anesthesia team decides to use epidural anesthesia for pain management. Following the procedure, the patient is stable but experiences a mild drop in blood pressure and reports significant pain relief, which persists into the postoperative period. Which of the following statements accurately describes epidural … Read more
A 42-year-old male patient who underwent abdominal surgery for a perforated diverticulum develops a persistent, draining wound with an abnormal passage from the site of infection to the skin surface. Upon microbiological examination of the wound, the organism Actinomyces was identified. What is the most likely reason for the formation of this sinus and fistula … Read more
A 50-year-old male presents with a history of unilateral claudication affecting his right thigh, calf, and occasionally his buttock for the past few weeks. On physical examination, there is absence of the right femoral and distal pulses, and a bruit is auscultated over the right region. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s … Read more