Laboratory Studies in Acute Pancreatitis 1. Serum Pancreatic Enzymes 2. Complete Blood Count (CBC) 3. Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) 4. Inflammatory Markers 5. Liver Chemistries 6. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) 7. Serum Triglycerides Clinical Notes Imaging in Acute Pancreatitis 1. Ultrasound Abdomen Indications: First-line imaging modality for all patients. Findings: 2. CT Abdomen and Pelvis with … Read more
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas, most often triggered by gallstones or alcohol consumption. It typically presents with sudden and severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and epigastric tenderness on palpation. Diagnosis is confirmed by elevated serum lipase or amylase levels (≥ 3× the upper limit of … Read more
A waddling gait is characterized by a distinctive side-to-side, swaying movement of the body while walking. This abnormal gait pattern typically results from muscle weakness or imbalance in the hip muscles, particularly the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, which are responsible for stabilizing the pelvis during walking. The gait is often seen in conditions that … Read more
1. Trendelenburg Sign and Gait 2. Anatomy of the Hip Joint 3. Superior Gluteal Nerve 4. Biomechanics of Gait 5. Rehabilitation for Hip Abductor Weakness 6. Conditions Affecting Hip Abduction
Definition Barrett’s esophagus is a premalignant condition where the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus transforms into columnar epithelium with goblet cells, typically due to prolonged exposure to stomach acid from chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This type of intestinal metaplasia poses a heightened risk for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Epidemiology Barrett’s esophagus is seen in … Read more
Biliary tract disease progresses from silent, symptomless conditions to more severe, life-threatening ones. Here’s a breakdown of each stage, showing how one can lead to the next. 1. Asymptomatic Gallstones: “The Silent Stage” 2. Biliary Colic: “Temporary Blockage & Pain” 3. Cholecystitis: “Prolonged Blockage & Inflammation” 4. Choledocholithiasis: “Common Bile Duct Blockage” 5. Biliary Sludge: … Read more
Introduction: An anastomotic leak is a serious complication following gastrointestinal surgery where a surgical connection (anastomosis) between two sections of the bowel leaks luminal contents. Early recognition and management of this complication are crucial due to the potential for severe intra-abdominal contamination, sepsis, multi-organ failure, and even death. Risk Factors The risk factors for an … Read more