Endocrinology

Category Details Definition Dopamine agonists are medications that mimic the effects of dopamine by binding to dopamine receptors in the brain. Clinical Indications Parkinson’s Disease: Mainstay treatment for motor symptoms including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Alleviate uncomfortable sensations and urge to move. Hyperprolactinemia: Inhibit prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland, useful … Read more

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from chromaffin cells, typically found in the adrenal medulla but may also occur in extra-adrenal locations, known as paragangliomas. These tumors produce and release excessive amounts of catecholamines, including adrenaline and noradrenaline, leading to episodic or sustained hypertension and a variety of systemic symptoms. Etiology: Clinical Presentation (The … Read more

Osteoporosis is a skeletal condition characterized by:
Loss of bone mineral density (BMD).
Decreased bone strength.
Increased susceptibility to fractures.

Introduction Hyperparathyroidism (HPT): Primary Hyperparathyroidism (pHPT): Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (sHPT): Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (tHPT): Diagnostics and Classification: Treatment:   Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Epidemiology: Etiology: Pathophysiology: PTH effect In the kidneys: PTH leads to increased phosphate excretion, a phenomenon known as phosphaturia.   Clinical Features: Cardiovascular System: Urinary Tract: Musculoskeletal System: Digestive Tract: Psychological Symptoms: Diagnostics: Laboratory Studies: Routine … Read more