A 48-year-old woman with a 10-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents to the clinic with increasing fatigue and pallor. Her joint symptoms are being managed with methotrexate, but she reports difficulty performing daily activities due to weakness. On examination, her vital signs are stable, but conjunctival pallor is evident. Laboratory investigations reveal a hemoglobin … Read more
A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a three-day history of worsening difficulty in breathing, which is not responding to his usual treatment. He reports a history of similar episodes in the past. On auscultation, rhonchi are heard in both lungs, and there is cyanosis of the hands, but no clubbing is noted. … Read more
A 34-year-old male presents to the emergency department after ingesting strong hydrochloric acid in a suicidal attempt. He is conscious but visibly distressed. On examination, he complains of severe burning pain in his mouth and throat. His vital signs are stable, and there are no signs of respiratory distress. He is able to swallow liquids, … Read more
An alcoholic patient is admitted with acute pancreatitis. He has been consuming alcohol excessively for the past several months. On examination, there is tenderness in the upper abdomen and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Laboratory findings reveal hemoglobin of 7.8 g/dL, mild neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and SGPT levels of 200 units. Which is the most … Read more
A 35-year-old man presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss for the past six months. He occasionally notices blood in his stools. A colonoscopy reveals patchy areas of inflammation with ulceration, predominantly in the terminal ileum, and histopathology confirms granulomatous inflammation. He is diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). … Read more
A 48-year-old man with a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents for his routine follow-up. He reports no specific complaints but is concerned about his kidney health. His recent blood sugar levels have been moderately controlled with HbA1c at 7.8%. On examination, his blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg, and he has no peripheral … Read more
A 58-year-old woman presents to your clinic with complaints of muscle weakness and fatigue over the past three months. She mentions having difficulty rising from a chair and combing her hair. She also notices a rash around her eyes that is purplish in color, and she has developed scaly lesions over the knuckles. Her creatine … Read more
A 45-year-old woman presents with complaints of dry eyes and dry mouth for the past six months. She reports difficulty swallowing dry food and frequently uses artificial tears for relief. She also experiences joint pain and fatigue. On examination, her parotid glands are mildly enlarged. The ophthalmologist performs a Schirmer tear test, which shows markedly … Read more
A 40-year-old man presents to the clinic with a 2-day history of severe pain, swelling, and redness in his right knee. He reports a fever and difficulty walking due to the pain. His medical history includes diabetes and a recent skin infection near the knee. Examination reveals a hot, swollen, and tender knee joint with … Read more
A 50-year-old man with a 10-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents to the clinic with worsening shortness of breath and a persistent dry cough over the past few months. He works as a coal miner and has a history of significant occupational exposure to coal dust. A chest X-ray reveals multiple well-defined nodules in … Read more