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A 45-year-old woman presents to the gastroenterology clinic with symptoms of difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of undigested food, and chest pain. The gastroenterologist suspects a motility disorder of the esophagus and plans to confirm the diagnosis with an appropriate investigation. Manometry is the investigation of choice for: A. CLD (Chronic Liver Disease)  B. Achalasia esophagus  C. Barrett esophagus  D. … Read more

A 35-year-old man presents to the urology clinic with symptoms of decreased urine flow, difficulty starting urination, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. The urologist suspects a urethral stricture and plans to confirm the diagnosis. What is the investigation of choice for diagnosing a urethral stricture? A. Urine culture  B. Intravenous pyelography  C. X-ray KUB  D. Ultrasound  E. … Read more

A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain radiating to his back, nausea, and vomiting. His clinical presentation raises suspicion for acute pancreatitis. The medical team needs to confirm the diagnosis with the most reliable investigation. Which of the following is the most reliable investigation in a suspected case of acute … Read more

A 30-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, fever, and signs of peritonitis. He has a history of recent typhoid fever. The surgical team suspects a gastrointestinal perforation. Typhoid perforations most commonly occur in: A. Appendix  B. Rectum  C. Jejunum  D. Caecum  E. Ileum   Answer: The Correct Answer is: E. Ileum Explanation: Ileum (E): – … Read more

A 65-year-old man presents to his urologist for a routine check-up. His blood test results show elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The urologist explains the potential causes of the elevated PSA levels. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is most specifically associated with: A. Testicular carcinoma  B. Prostatic carcinoma  C. Gastric carcinoma  D. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)  E. Prostatitis   Answer: The … Read more

A 50-year-old man with severe malabsorption following extensive bowel surgery is started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The healthcare team discusses the specifics and indications of TPN with him and his family. Which of the following statements is true regarding total parenteral nutrition? A. Is defined as IV provision of all nutritional requirements without use … Read more

A 60-year-old patient has been started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after a massive gut resection. The healthcare team monitors the patient closely for early complications associated with TPN. What is the common early complication of TPN? A. Fluid overload  B. Tube blockage  C. Infection  D. Hypoglycemia  E. Diarrhea   Answer: The Correct Answer is: A. Fluid overload Explanation: Fluid … Read more

A 45-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with severe malnutrition and complications that prevent normal oral or enteral feeding. The medical team is considering parenteral nutrition to manage the patient’s nutritional needs. What is the commonest indication for parenteral nutrition? A. Esophageal cancer  B. Acute diarrhea  C. Paralytic ileus  D. Massive gut resection  E. Pyloric obstruction   Answer: The … Read more

A 50-year-old man is scheduled for a superficial parotidectomy due to a benign tumor in the superficial lobe of his parotid gland. The surgeon explains the procedure to him, emphasizing the extent of the gland removal. In a superficial parotidectomy: A. Only a part of the superficial lobe is removed  B. The superficial lobe is removed … Read more

A 58-year-old woman presents to her ENT specialist with a mass in her parotid gland. A biopsy is performed, and the pathology report indicates a malignant tumor with evidence of perineural invasion. Perineural invasion is common in: A. Pleomorphic adenoma  B. Acinic cell carcinoma  C. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma  D. Adenoid cystic carcinoma   Answer: The Correct Answer is: D. Adenoid … Read more